Lecture by W. Arnold Evans, Esq., M.D., medical officer of health for Bradford, on water supply : delivered in the Court House, Wakefield, on Saturday, April 30th, 1892, being the eighth of a series of twelve lectures on sanitary subjects ... [etc.].

  • Evans, W. Arnold.
Date:
1892
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Lecture by W. Arnold Evans, Esq., M.D., medical officer of health for Bradford, on water supply : delivered in the Court House, Wakefield, on Saturday, April 30th, 1892, being the eighth of a series of twelve lectures on sanitary subjects ... [etc.]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The University of Leeds Library. The original may be consulted at The University of Leeds Library.

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    LECTURE BY W. ARNOLD EVANS, ESQ., M.D., ON WATER SUPPLIES. SYNOPSIS OF LECTURE. Quantity required, and for what purposes—Sources—Rainfall—Surface Waters—Spring's— Wells (Shallow, Deep, Artesian)—Rivers—Characters of each, and their respective liability to Contamination—Hard and Soft Water—Public and Private Supplies—Constant and In- termittent Service—Inspection of Water Supplies-—Taking Samples—Value of Analysis- Relation to Disease—Lead Poisoning—Preventive Measures—Means of Purification— Filters. The eighth of the series of lectures on Sanitary Science was delivered in the Court House, at Wakefield, on Saturday, April 30th, 1892, under the pre- sidency of Colonel Mackie, J P., of Heath Common, who was supported on the platform by Dr. Kendell, Dr. Whitelegge, Mr. Trevor Edwards, Dr. Wright, and Mr. Massie. The Chairman, in commencing the proceedings, said :—Gentlemen, my duty is a very simple one this afternoon. I have not had an opportunity of at- tending any of these lectures previously, but I have had the privilege of reading some of them, and certainly must conclude that they are not only highly interesting, but exceedingly instructive. I have the pleasure of intro- ducing this afternoon Dr. Evans, the Medic d Officer of Health for Bradford, and I am sure we shall all listen with the greatest interest and attention to what he has to say upon the subject before us—that of Water Supplies. Dr. Evans then gave his lecture. He said :— Mr. Chairman and Gentle- men, the subject of my lecture, namely, the supply of water, being one that can only be considered in an elementally and somewhat superficial manner in the course of an hour or so, I shall not detain you with any prefatory remarks, but at once ask for your serious attention while I describe many interesting facts in connection with it, and explain a few others with regard to which opposite opinions are held by different authorities. USES OF WATER. Water is a prime necessity of life ; its uses are numerous and varied. It is necessary for drinking, for the cooking of food, for the preparation of drinks for man and beast, for personal ablution, for washing utensils, clothes, and habitations, for the removal of sewage and the flushing of drains, for cleansing streets and extinguishing fires, and for various trade purposes which we need not consider in detail. What, then, .under ordinary circum- stances is the amount which individually is required? In estimating the supply aud consumption of water, engineers are in the habit of stating the amount per head of the population, which figure is got by dividing the total number of gallons supplied by the number of people using the water. Let us consider the various uses of water seri dim. The quuitity used for drinking depends greatly upon the climate, temperature, and the amount of work done. However, in this country, and under ordinary circumstances, an average man of 12 st. in weight takes daily about SO ozs. of water, much of which is con- tained in the solid food, leaving only two pints or thereabouts to be taken in liquid form. For cooking, the quantity consumed is liable to considerable variation, but the amount is generally not less than three-quarters of a gallon