The formation of gallstones. Part 1.

London : University of London Audio-Visual Centre, 1973.

1 encoded moving image (41.55 min.) : sound, black and white, PAL.

00:41:55

University of Lonon

Unrestricted

CC-BY-NC

Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 2.0 UK: England & Wales

In English

Presented by Dr Hermon Dowling, Hammersmith Hospital, London. Introduced by Dr Ian Gilliland. Produced by Peter Bowen. Made by University of London Audio-Visual Centre. Made for British Postgraduate Medical Federation.

This video is one of around 310 titles, originally broadcast on Channel 7 of the ILEA closed-circuit television network, given to Wellcome Trust from the University of London Audio-Visual Centre shortly after it closed in the late 1980s. Although some of these programmes might now seem rather out-dated, they probably represent the largest and most diversified body of medical video produced in any British university at this time, and give a comprehensive and fascinating view of the state of medical and surgical research and practice in the 1970s and 1980s, thus constituting a contemporary medical-historical archive of great interest.The lectures mostly take place in a small and intimate studio setting and are often face-to-face. The lecturers use a wide variety of resources to illustrate their points, including film clips, slides, graphs, animated diagrams, charts and tables as well as 3-dimensional models and display boards with movable pieces. Some of the lecturers are telegenic while some are clearly less comfortable about being recorded; all are experts in their field and show great enthusiasm to share both the latest research and the historical context of their specialist areas.

Segment 1 Gilliland introduces Dowling. Dowling shows some gallstones which he holds in the palm of his hand. He discusses a diagram showing an illustration of the formation of gallstones. Time start: 00:00:00:00 Time end: 00:05:05:00 Length: 00:05:05:00

Segment 2 Dowling shows a series of slides illustrating different kinds of gallstones. He then shows a scanning electron micrograph of cholesterol gallstones, a micrograph of dust on the surface of a gallstone, a micrograph of melting crystals and a light micrograph of bile. Time start: 00:05:05:00 Time end: 00:10:29:00 Length: 00:05:24:00

Segment 3 Dowling discusses phospholipid molecules and shows a diagram illustrating the bilayered structure of hydrated phospholipid molecules. He then moves on to discuss bile salt molecules. Time start: 00:10:29:00 Time end: 00:15:06:00 Length: 00:04:37:00

Segment 4 Dowling shows a diagram illustrating the molecular structure of the sodium salt of a fatty acid. A further slide shows the molecular structure of sodium salt of cholic acid. This is also demonstrated as a 3D model. Time start: 00:15:06:00 Time end: 00:21:05:10 Length: 00:05:59:10

Segment 5 Dowling discusses, in depth, the composition of bile salts, using diagrams to illustrate his points. He differentiates between the liquid and crystal phases of bile salts. Time start: 00:21:05:10 Time end: 00:25:49:17 Length: 00:04:44:07

Segment 6 Dowling talks about how bile salts move through the body. He describes the relationship between beiliar cholesterol secretion an dbiliary bile acid secretion. Time start: 00:25:49:17 Time end: 00:30:03:00 Length: 00:04:13:08

Segment 7 Dowling talks about the cholesterol in bile salts, focusing on how the measurements of these differ in patients with gallstones. He shows various graphs and charts. Time start: 00:30:03:00 Time end: 00:34:54:00 Length: 00:04:51:00

Segment 8 Dowling summarises the lecture by going back over the primary and secondary abnormalities that lead to gallstone formation. Time start: 00:34:54:00 Time end: 00:41:55:24 Length: 00:07:01:24