The natural history and epidemiology of cholera : being the annual oration of the Medical Society of London, May 7, 1888 / by J. Fayrer.

  • Fayrer, Joseph, Sir, 1824-1907.
Date:
1888
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The natural history and epidemiology of cholera : being the annual oration of the Medical Society of London, May 7, 1888 / by J. Fayrer. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    3 2L Lf 7 Danubian Principalities, Hungary, Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt, and reached ultimately the north coast of Africa (1848-49-50). At the same time it re-appeared in India, Further India and the Malay Archipelago, and attacked Greece and Malta. Meanwhile cholera had reached European Russia through Astrakhan, extending up the Don, thence over the whole country on to Germany (1848). It was in England, the Netherlands and Belgium in 1848-49, Sweden, Austria, France and Italy in 1849 and 5°- It appeared in North America in 1848, breaking out in New York and New Orleans simultaneously, extending over all the States east of the Rocky Mountains and reaching Canada in 1849 and the west coast in 1850. Panama and Mexico were attacked in 1849, then South America (New Granada), and finally the West Indies (1850-54). There was a remission from 1850-52, and after that date, in Europe, cholera appeared in all the countries it had visited before, with the addition of Spain and Denmark. In Asia it extended over the East Indies, China and Japan, Persia, and thence to Syria. In 1853 it appeared in Algiers, in 1855 in Egypt, and subsequently Nubia and the northern coast of Africa, Somali Land, Madagascar, Mauritius (for the first time) and the Comoro Islands. In North America it was not severe, but in Central America its area was widely extended, and in South America, Granada, Guiana, Venezuela and Brazil were invaded. The fourth pandemic (1865-75), unlike the others, took a westward course through Arabia and Suez; Malta, the South of France, Spain and Italy being the first places attacked. From Turkey, attacked in 1865, cholera in- vaded the countries of the north and east of Europe, at- tacking them almost simultaneously, appearing in England and Belgium in 1865, and subsequently breaking out in Switzerland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. In the western hemisphere it appeared first in the West Indies (1865), and in North America in 1866. In a northerly direction it extended over the United States from New Orleans to Nova Scotia, and in a southerly direction to Central America. In South America it first appeared in Paraguay, extended down the Uruguay to Buenos Ayres and in a northerly direction to Brazil; the Argentine Republic, Bolivia and Peru were invaded. Meanwhile cholera had reached Persia, Mesopotamia and