Essentials of practice of medicine : arranged in the form of questions and answers prepared especially for students of medicine / by Henry Morris ; with a very complete appendix, on the examination of urine, by Lawrence Wolff.

  • Morris, Henry, 1856-1929.
Date:
1897
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Essentials of practice of medicine : arranged in the form of questions and answers prepared especially for students of medicine / by Henry Morris ; with a very complete appendix, on the examination of urine, by Lawrence Wolff. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    tity, acute febrile affections diminish it. It is also increased in cer- tain nervous affections and diminished in hydropic conditions and some renal diseases. In which way is the appearance of the urine to he noted? If clear, turbid, or containing a sediment. Which are the principal causes of turbidity or sedimentation in the urine ? The presence of mucus, precipitation of the earthy phosphates from alkaline reaction, separation of urates by lower temperature, and pathologically the presence of pus or fat in minute subdivision, the latter causing a layer to rise to the surface. What is the normal color of urine, and how are the varia- tions expressed ? The normal color of urine is yellow, the variations being expressed by Yogel’s scale, which contains three yellow, three red and three brown tints, termed respectively pale yellow, light yellow, yellow, reddish-yellow, yellowish-red, red, brownish-red, reddish-brown, brownish-black. (See Frontispiece.) Which are the normal urinary coloring- bodies? Indican and urobilin ; others frequently described are modifications of the latter. How is urobilin derived ? From the blood ; the haemoglobin changing to haematin, this to bilirubin, which by taking up hydrogen is changed to hydro-bilirubin, identical with urobilin. What is indican, and how derived ? This is sometimes called uroxanthin, and is chemically potassium indoxyl-sulphate, a normal component of the urine, varying in quan- tities, and derived from disturbances of intestinal digestion and con- sequent absorption of the indol of the faeces. How is the presence of indican in the urine demonstrated, and how determined ? Indican can be demonstrated by mixing urine with about 1 quan- tity of IIC1, when, upon standing 24 hours, a red, purple, or blue color will appear, which if shaken out with chloroform and the sepa-