Royal Army Medical Corps training pamphlet no. 3 / War Office.

Date:
1944
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Royal Army Medical Corps training pamphlet no. 3 / War Office. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    23. The thorax.—The thoracic vertebre, the ribs and the breast-bone (sternum) are the bony framework of the chest or thorax. i The vibs number 24, 12 on each side, connected in pairs with the thoracic vertebre behind and, except for the last two pairs, with the sternum in front (Fig. 9). The first seven pairs of ribs are known as the true ribs and are connected directly with the sternum, each by its own costal cartilage. The last five pairs of ribs are known as the false ribs, because their costal cartilages do not joint directly to the sternum. The eighth, ninth, and tenth pairs are joined by their costal cartilages to those immediately above them ; but the eleventh and twelfth pairs are, in addition, known as floating ribs, because their costal cartilages are not joined to any other, but are free. The sternum is a long flat soft bone, the lower portion of which is composed of cartilage and is flexible. THe Upper Limp 24. The upper limb (sometimes called the “ upper ex- tremity ’’) is divided into the shoulder, the arm, the forearm and the hand, and consists of the following bones :— The clavicle or collar-bone The scapula or shoulder-blade The humerus, the bone of the upper arm. The ulna The Pee bones of the forearm. bones of the shoulder. The carpal or wrist bones. The metacarpal or hand bones, The phalanges or finger bones. 25. The shoulder.—tThe clavicle or collar-bone (Fig. 10) is a long curved bone, situated in front at the root of the neck, , which connects the scapula to the sternum, thus securing the arm to the front of the chest. The scapula or shoulder-blade (Fig. 10) is a large flat triangular bone lying on the ribs at the back of the chest, to which it is anchored by powerful muscles. For the attachment of some of these muscles it has a prominent ridge (or spine) at the back. At the upper and outer part there is a shallow . cavity (the glenoid cavity) which receives the rounded head of the humerus. 26. The arm and forearm.—tThe Aumerus (Fig. 10) is the bone of the upper arm. It is a long bone, having at its upper end a rounded head which works against a socket in the scapula (the glenoid cavity), thus forming the shoulder joint.