Essentials of human physiology for medical students / by D. Noël Paton.

  • Paton, Diarmid Noël, 1859-1928
Date:
1903-
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Essentials of human physiology for medical students / by D. Noël Paton. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    where surgeons have produced biliary fistulas, opportunities have occurred of procuring the bile directly from the ducts during life in man. Such bile has a somewhat orange brown colour, and is more or less viscous, but not nearly so viscous as bile taken from the gall bladder. It has a specific gravity of almost 1005, while gall bladder bile has a specific gravity of about 1030. Its reaction is slightly alkaline, and it has a charac- teristic smell. It contains about 2 per cent, of solids, of which more than half are organic. The most abundant solids are the salts of the bile acids— the soda salts chiefiy of glycocholic acid, and a much smaller amount of taurocholic acid. These salts are readily separated from an alcholic solution of dried bile by the addition of water free ether. They thus form crystalline bile—Platner’s crystals. {Practical Exercises.) Glycocholic acid is— H 0 Amido-acetic acid 1 II \n- _C_C_0—H h/ H linked to a body of unknown ^24H.io05- constitution, cholalic acid Taurocholic acid is— H H 0 \ 1 1 II Arnido-ethane-sulphuric acid \N—C—C—S—0- -H H' 1 1 II H H 0 also linked to cholalic acid. Since both acids contain nitrogen they must be derived from proteids. That they are formed in the liver and not merely excreted by it, is shown by the fact that while they accumulate if the bile-duct is ligatured, they do not appear if the liver is excluded from the circulation. Action of Bile Balts.—1. The bile salts are solvents of fats and fatty acids, and they thus assist in the digestion and