A manual of hygiene : public and private, and compendium of sanitary laws ; for the information and guidance of public health authorities, officers of health, and sanitarians generally / by Charles A. Cameron.

  • Cameron, Charles Alexander, 1830-1921.
Date:
1874
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A manual of hygiene : public and private, and compendium of sanitary laws ; for the information and guidance of public health authorities, officers of health, and sanitarians generally / by Charles A. Cameron. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.

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    CITIES IN EUROPE. Paris 1,851,792 39,111 21-1 Turin 212,644 6,476 30-4 Lyons 323,417 8,645 26-7 lUilan 199,009 6,897 34-6 Bordeaux 191,000 4,648 23-9 Florence 167, 96 5,963 35-6 Havre 86,325 2,712 31-4 Genoa 130,269 4,139 31-8 Nice 52,377 1,670 31-8 Venice 128,901 3,915 30-4 Berlin 828,001* 26,76 32-3 Bologna 115,957 3,999 34-5 Hamburg 338,974 9, 49 26-7 Messina 111,854 2,70a 24-1 Munich 169,478 7,(7T 41-8 Leghorn 97,0P6 2,s<7] 3 6 Leipsic 110,000* 2,553 23-2 Amsterdam 277,766 7,477 26-9 Dresflen 177,055 5,239 •^9-6 Rotterdam 122,471 3,818 31-1 Stuttgart 96,000* 2,226 23-2 The Hague 9.',785 2,263 24-4 Frankt'ort-on- 92,000* 1,955 21-2 Copenhagen 190,«i'0* 4,487 23-6 the-Maine Brussels 185,080* 4,176 22-6 Bremen 85,9 0* 2,142 25-2 Antwerp 143,545 3,751 26-1 Mayence 47,821 1,399 29-1 Stockholm 140,00' * 4,46J 31.8 Vienna 644,356 20,506 31-8 Christiana 70,'00* 1,453 207 Trieste 126,648 6,788 46-0 Cadiz 51,732 2,445 44-7 Prague 162,000* 7,932 48-9 Athens 49,000* 1,621 33-0 Naples 448,335 15,996 35-7 Geneva 47,581 923 19-4 Rome 244,484 9,924 40 6 Basle 46,554 975 2-9 Palermo 219,398 5,493 25-0 Zurich 21,199 294 13-9 DEATH-RATE AFFECTED BY BIRTH-RATE. Mr. Watt, of Montreal, endeavours to prove what he terms the fallacies of the Registrar-General's conclusions with respect to the mortality tables of towns. He states that the mere death-rate of a place is no criterion as to its salubrity, unless corrected by means of factors taken from the birth-rate. The immigration into or the emigration out of a town also aifect the conclusions deducible from the mortality tables. Dr. Letheby agrees with Mr. Watt. He states— In the weekly and quarterly returns of the Registrar-General, the death-rates of certain British and continental towns and cities are so prominently stated that the reader is apt to conclude they are the direct expressions of their sanitary condition. But nothing can be more fallacious; for the town with the lowest death-rate may be the most unhealthy, and so also conversely. To take, for ex- ample, the list of places referred to by the Registrar-General in his, quarterly report, it would seem that Dublin, with a death-rate of 22*72 per 1,000 of the population, must be considerably more healthy than Liverpool with a mortality of 27*29 per 1,000. In reality, however, it is the reverse; for, if measured by the birth- rate as well as the death-rate, it will be found that Liverpool is in u better sanitary condition than Dublin. Taking, in fact, the average birth-rate (3508 per 1,000) and the death-rate (22*58 per 1,000) of England as the standards for comparison, it will be seen that the actual death-rates of these places during the year which has just expired are very different from the calculated death-rates ; and that little or no estimate can be made of the com- parative salubrity of these places by mere reference to the observed death-rates.