Holden's human osteology : comprising a description of the bones with delineations of the attachments of the muscles, the general and microscopic structure of bone and its development / edited by Charles Stewart and R.W. Reid.

  • Holden, Luther, 1815-1905.
Date:
1887
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Holden's human osteology : comprising a description of the bones with delineations of the attachments of the muscles, the general and microscopic structure of bone and its development / edited by Charles Stewart and R.W. Reid. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    second; that of the cuneiform in the third; those of the trape- zium and semihinar in the fifth; that of the scaphoid in the sixth or seventh; that of the trapezoid in the seventh or eighth; that of the pisiform in the twelfth. This is the last bone in the body to ossify. The ' os centrale,' lying in the tyincal carjms between the bones of the first and second row, is present in man as a small cartilage, situated between the ' trapezium,'' trapezoid,' ' magnum ' and ' scaphoid' at the second month, and disappears about the fourth month of foetal Hfe. In rare cases it persists as a separate bone in the adult. Again, a part of the ' scaphoid,' corresponding to its tuberosity, may remain separate, and repre- sents the ' radial sesamoid ' of Gegenbaur. Comparative Osteolog-y.—In many of the Carnivora, as the seal, wah-us, tiger, and dog, the scaphoid and lunar are anchy- losed into one mass. In the bat, the scaphoid, kuiar, and cunei- form form only one bone. In the dugong, all the carpal bones are anchylosed into three bones, the distal row being in one piece. In birds, as in other animals, they are diminished in number according to the disappearance of the digits which each usually supports. The carpus of the orang utan, baboon, several other monkeys and reptiles, contains one more bone than that of man, which seems due to the division of the scaphoid into two parts : it is known as the os centrale. (See Separate Series, Mus. Eoy. Coll Surg.) THEMETACAEPUS. (Plates LIV., LV. The metacarpus consists of the five bones which support the phalanges of the thumb and fingers. They are described as the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth, counting from that of the thumb, or as metacarpal bones of the thumb, index, middle, ring, and little fingers; and, regarding them as 'long bones,' which they mucli resemble in their general structure, we speak of their shafts and their two ends; the upper end being termed