Sanitation and sanitary engineering / by Wm. Paul Gerhard.

  • Gerhard, Wm. Paul (William Paul), 1854-1927.
Date:
1909
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Sanitation and sanitary engineering / by Wm. Paul Gerhard. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    the military engineers constructed works of fortification, and applied engineering construction to military opera- tions. Soon afterward followed the construction, equipment and management of railways and the improvement of rivers, harbors and other aids to navigation. Other branches were added from time to time, such as the manufacture and improvement of machinery and mechanical appliances; the operating of mines; the establishment of telegraph and telephone lines; the erection of gas works; the application of electricity for producing light, heat and power; the fire protection of buildings; the water supply, sewerage and lighting of cities; the drainage, lighting, heating and ventilation of buildings; the reclamation of marshes and agricultural drainage; the laying out of street and towns, of squares and parks; the construction of piers, docks, sea-dykes, jetties, breakwaters and lighthouses. Broadly speaking, engineers deal both with structures and with machines, the former being, according to Rankine, combinations of materials, the parts of which have no relative motion; and the latter, mechanical appliances whose function is to perform useful work, and the parts of which move. This distinction points to one of the chief divisions of the profession, namely into civil and mechanical engi- neering. (See also pages 59 and 93.) Still later, we find four principal groups, namely, civil, mechanical, mining and electrical engineers.