The unity of matter : being thoughts on the nature, weight, & expansion of gases / by G.T. Carruthers.

  • Carruthers, G. T. (George Thompson)
Date:
[1883]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The unity of matter : being thoughts on the nature, weight, & expansion of gases / by G.T. Carruthers. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    be the result of a momentum of 41 — 32 = 9 lbs. in addi- tion to 2116-4 X 32 lbs. which of course is a mere nothing; the piston therefore would remain at 16 feet and the 1 pound of steam would fall into the mother liquid with an acquired velocity of 32 feet. But though it would rise out of the water again, it would not rise in a fit state to acquire the necessary vibrations from the vibrating force of heat, for the particles of steam which are duly disposed for vibrations are saturated particles which are so formed that a thrust in addition to the pressing weight would send their contained vapour into the state of water, and heat applied to the water within would expand the atom again to its former size. The 1 lb.particle therefore being originally in equilibrium for a momentum of 41 feet would simply crush in the vapour within it which had received only 32 feet momentum by the last fall, and there would be no vibration; so that though an enormous force is acting, the particle remains, like the mother liquid, quiescent because not in the condition to vibrate. If, however, a new formation takes place in the water, or if we liken the particle to a bubble loaded, then on a portion of the load being dropped we may suppose f of the lb. to be now in a condition to receive vibrational thrusts sufficient to give a momentum that will carry it the due height, and then give a blow upwards of 2116 X 32 against the falling piston. In this way the density of the steam would remain constant under the reduction of volume even to the end. The play of the particles in 26-36. feet being due simply to the height of their fall, and the rise and fall being that of vapour, a solid tb of the same material would be kept in equilibrium by its rise and fall through half the height of 26-36 cubic feet of diffused vapour. But, as a gas contains its pressing solid, the above would be the volume of a gas containing 2116-4 lbs. of solid at the eame temperature of 212°. But by Boyle's Law the volume is inversely as the