The unity of matter : being thoughts on the nature, weight, & expansion of gases / by G.T. Carruthers.

  • Carruthers, G. T. (George Thompson)
Date:
[1883]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The unity of matter : being thoughts on the nature, weight, & expansion of gases / by G.T. Carruthers. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    remaining 2116*4 lbs., which is the pressure of the atmos- phere, and is the pressure required by a normal gas at to keep it saturated. It is important to notice that with the above pressure the whole mass is in saturated equilibrium, but the volume is ready to decrease or expand on the alteration of the heat supply in the minutest degree. Let us now increase the heat to 10°C Then we know that saturated water vapour will have its pressure and density doubled and its volume halved. Ihe gas, by the hypothesis receives no additional pressure on the piston, hence it will become a mere vapour and will expand with the heat. The 10*64 spheres with a free surface of 9-967 square feet accumulate heat or keep evaporating vapour till they have given off from their surfaces 9-967 x 12-27 x A,. GOV 0 = .03606 lbs. But the pressure on the piston set apart for the evapora- tion of the spheres was said to be 9-967 X 12-27 lbs., a weight sufficient to keep the above amount of vapour in the mother liquid, but the 10° of temperature has increased the tension twice, so that twice the quantity of steam is given off now at one time than when atO°0. When the above amount of vapour is given off it presses against the piston, after it has found room for itself, and against the spheres, thus the spheres have now the pressure of the piston and also of the out lying vapour, and there is saturation at the new temperature. mi i * at, 3390 X 03606 The volume oi the new vapour would be o. feet, but in pressing against the piston loaded with 2116-4 tbs. its density is reduced to 1 foot a pound, for this was the condition of the original equilibrium that the pressing power should keep the whole mass at that density except the vapour at 32°, which was included within the spheres. The new temperature enables the compressed vapour to raise the piston of the chamber and take up all the room it has the power to do, whioh is -03606 cubio feet.